What is a Switch?

A switch is a device used to connect several devices in a local network. The switch allows communication between them and the exchange of information and resources.

There are different types of switches, two of the most common are Layer 2 switches and Layer 3 switches. These designations refer to the operating levels and processing capacity of the switches in relation to the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) reference model.

The choice between a Layer 2 and a Layer 3 switch will depend on the specific needs of the network and the functions required for its proper operation. A Layer 2 switch focuses on communication within a local network using MAC addresses, while a Layer 3 switch goes further and can perform routing between networks using IP addresses.

Layer 2 vs. Layer 3 Switch: Features and Differences

– Layer 2 Switch

A Layer 2 switch (also known as a data link level switch) is used to connect network devices in a LAN (local area network). Its primary function is to send and receive data frames between devices on the same local network. Layer 2 switches use the MAC address of a device to determine which port to send a data frame to.

– Layer 3 Switch

A Layer 3 switch (also known as a network level switch) is used to route data packets between different networks. Layer 3 switches are able to analyse data packets to determine the best network path to send them to their final destination. These switches use IP addresses to make routing decisions.

The main difference between a layer 2 switch and a layer 3 switch is their ability to operate at different layers of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. While a layer 2 switch focuses on the data link level, a layer 3 switch operates at the network level.

When to choose a Layer 2 switch and a Layer 3 switch?

Characteristics	Layer 2 switch	Layer 3 switch
Principal function	Connect devices on a LAN	Route data packets between different networks
OSI model layer	Layer 2 (data link layer)	Layer 3 (network layer)
Addresses used	MAC addresses	IP addresses
Make decisions of	Destination port based on MAC address	Network route based on IP address
Traffic management	Congestion control and loop prevention	Congestion control, loop prevention and QoS (quality of service)
Scalability	Limited due to the size of the LAN	Higher, due to the ability to route between networks
Security	Limited as all devices can be accessed on the same LAN	Increased, due to the ability to filter and control traffic between networks
Cost	Minor, due to its simplicity and limited functionality	Higher, due to its routing capability and advanced functionality

Network Switch Applications for IoT

Connect IoT devices: Switches can be used to connect and manage IoT devices on a network. With the number of devices expected to be connected, switches must be able to handle large amounts of traffic and provide high availability.
Real-time data processing : To process large amounts of data in real time, which is essential in IoT applications such as temperature control, lighting, etc.
Improved energy efficiency : To optimize the energy consumption of IoT devices. This can be accomplished by turning devices on or off as needed, and by allocating resources based on power consumption.

Network switch applications in different verticals.

La elección entre un switch de capa 2 o uno de capa 3 dependerá de los requisitos específicos de la red y las necesidades de cada industria.

The choice between a Layer 2 or a Layer 3 switch will depend on the specific requirements of the network and the needs of each industry.

– Data Center

Layer 2 switch:

Connection of servers and network storage devices.
Segmentation of virtual networks (VLAN) for greater security and efficiency.

Layer 3 switch:

Implementation of virtualization and cloud technologies.
Traffic control and packet prioritization to ensure optimal network performance.

– Industry 4.0

Layer 2 switch:

Connection of IoT devices, sensors and actuators in industrial environments.
Communication and control of machines and automated systems.

Layer 3 switch:

Remote supervision and management of processes and production lines.
Implementation of industrial Ethernet networks to improve efficiency and monitoring.

– Transport

Layer 2 switch:

Communication systems in public and private transport.
Connection of security cameras and video surveillance systems.

Layer 3 switch:

Traffic control and intelligent signage.
Network management for vehicle fleets and logistics.

– Energy

Layer 2 switch:

Monitoring and control of energy distribution networks.
Integration of smart meters and energy management systems.

Layer 3 switch:

Communication between power generation and distribution devices.
Implementation of smart grids for efficient energy management.

Which switch to choose?

The choice between a Layer 2 or a Layer 3 switch will depend on the specific requirements of the network and the needs of each industry.

At Matrix Electrónica we are specialists and we can help you choose the type of switch you need. Contact us and we will find the best switch option on the market for your specific needs